//Rotieren realisieren
unsigned int arr[] = {0b1111111100000000,
                      0b1000000010000000,
                      0b1010101010101010};
unsigned int auswahl = 0;
void setup() 
{
    DDRB = 0b11111111;
    Serial.begin(9600);
}
void loop() 
{
    if(Serial.available())
    {
         auswahl = arr[Serial.read()%3];
    }
    auswahl = ((auswahl << 1) | (auswahl >> 15)) ;     
    PORTB = auswahl;
    delay(200);
}

Code 0-1: Lauflicht mit Auswahl.

//Dimmen einer LED mittels "analogWrite"
void setup() 
{
  
}
int x=0;
int y=0;
void loop() 
{
    if(x<256)
       y=x;
    else
       y=511-x;   
    analogWrite(9,y);
    x++;
    x%=512;
    delay(5);
}

Code 0-2: Dimmen einer LED mittels "analogWrite"

uint8_t ziffer[] = {
0b00111111,//0  
0b00000110,//1  
0b01011011,//2  
0b01001111,//3  
0b01100110,//4  
0b01101101,//5  
0b01111101,//6  
0b00000111,//7  
0b01111111,//8  
0b01101111,//9  
0b01110111,//A  
0b01111100,//B  
0b00111001,//C  
0b01011110,//D  
0b01111001,//E  
0b01110001//F
};

void setup() 
{
     DDRB = 0b01111111;
     PORTB = 0b01111111;  
     DDRF &= 0b00001111;
     PORTF |= 0b11110000;
     pinMode(4,OUTPUT);
     pinMode(5,OUTPUT);
     pinMode(6,OUTPUT);
     pinMode(7,OUTPUT);
}

void loop() 
{
     DDRB = 0b01111111;
     PORTB = ~ziffer[(PINF>>4)];
     digitalWrite(4,((PINF & 0b00010000)>>4));
     digitalWrite(5,((PINF & 0b00100000)>>5));
     digitalWrite(6,((PINF & 0b01000000)>>6));
     digitalWrite(7,((PINF & 0b10000000)>>7));
}

Code 0-3: Drehkodierer mit Anzeige

uint8_t displayValue[16] = {

0b00111111, // 0
0b00000110, // 1
0b01011011, // 2
0b01001111, // 3

0b01100110, // 4
0b01101101, // 5
0b01111101, // 6
0b00000111, // 7

0b01111111, // 8
0b01101111, // 9
0b01110111, // A
0b01111100, // B

0b00111001, // C
0b01011110, // D
0b01111001, // E
0b01110001, // F

};


void setup() {
  //explicitly tells the register B, all pins are outputs
  DDRB = 0xFF;
  // DDRF &= tells the register F, the leftmost 4 ports are inputs while not
  // altering the other bits
  DDRF &= ~((1 << PF4) | (1 << PF5) | (1 << PF6) | (1 << PF7));
  // PORTF |= sets the leftmost 4 bits to activate internal pull-up
  PORTF |= (1 << PF4) | (1 << PF5) | (1 << PF6) | (1 << PF7);

}


void loop() {
  
  int switchValue = (PINF & ((1 << PF4) | (1 << PF5) | (1 << PF6) | (1 << PF7))) >> PF4;

  PORTB = ~(displayValue[switchValue]);

}

Code 0-4: Drehkodierer mit Anzeige